High chambered coking retort oven



July 3, 1962 J. VAN ACKEREN ET AL 3,042,590

HIGH CHAMBERED COKING RETORT OVEN Filed April 15, 1961 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TORS Jose Ph/ VAN QCKEEE/J DWAEO J. HELM.

y 1962 .1. VAN ACKEREN ET AL 3,042,590

HIGH CHAMBERED COKING RETORT OVEN 'Filed April 13, 1961 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORS. JOSEPH VAN flcvasza ZM Z '21; 27- 7'0/2 04 United States Patent ()fitice 3,042,590 Patented July 3, 1962 s aman HEGH CHAMBERED CGKING RETORT OVEN Joseph Van Ackeren and Edward J. Helm, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignors to Koppers Company, Inc., a corporation of Delaware Filed Apr. 13, 1961, Ser. No. 102,807 17 Claims. (Cl. 202-144) This invention relates to improvements in the design of coke ovens of the horizontal type and more particularly to the heating systems for high capacity by-product coke ovens of a height exceeding that of conventional coke ovens up to approximately fifty percent.

With ovens of this height, it is advisable to provide a heating system for combustion both at the base and at an upper level in vertical lines in heating walls alongside adjacent coking chambers. This is attained by combustion of rich gas, such as coke oven gas, or regeneratively preheated lean gas with regeneratively preheated air, to liberate portions of the heat of combustion both at the base of the fines and coking chambers and at higher elevations, in order to secure better and more uniform heating in the upper portions of coking chambers of greater than normal height.

With ovens of this type, it has not been possible to provide for regulating the flow of air and lean gas at outlets of the regenerator ports at both the base as well as at the upper levels of the flues.

With conventional flue spacing in the heating walls, for example, as shown in Van Ackeren 1,873,077, there is not sufiicient width to provide two regulable elevated regenerator ports in addition to the normal ports for air, lean gas and rich gas at the base of the lines, since it is not possible to provide channels to these ports of the required size with sufiicient thickness of refractory brick separating the ports. Ducts of the desired size but with thinner refractory brick separating the elevated ports from each other and the lower ports or burners at the base of the flue are not feasible due to the danger of fluxing of the brickwork.

In coke ovens of greater than conventional height, control of combustion at the several elevations is highly desirable, if not absolutely necessary, in order to satisfactorily heat the oven charge near the top of the oven chamber without overheating the bottom of the oven charge. Moreover, the quantity of gas and air supplied to the individual fiues must be varied from side to side of the battery because of the tapered width of the oven chamber. The determination of the relative quantities of air and/ or lean gas to be liberated at each elevation in each vertical flue are complex problems which cannot always be determined with certainty in the original design of such a coke oven. Some of the factors which complicate this problem are those of the variable bulk density of the coal charge from the top to bottom of coke ovens. This variation in bulk density is greater than normal with ovens of unusually great height. Another factor of considerable importance is the variation in shrinkage of the coke with diiferent coal mixes. Such other factors as the regulation for the variation of coking rate and heating gas composition over substantial ranges further complicate the design problem. Accordingly, it is of great advantage to incorporate in the design as much flexibility as possible for regulating and changing the relative distribution of air and/or lean gas into the heating flues at the various elevations of the air and lean ports.

It is an object of this invention to provide for such flexibility with a simple and practical design of heating system that eliminates the aforesaid disadvantages of prior coke oven designs for the same purpose and provides adjustable high and low ports for regeneratively preheated air and lean gas in the same flue.

In accordance with this invention, the regenerator riser ducts and their ports for delivery of air or air and lean gas at the higher elevations are located in the spacer bricks forming the transverse partition walls dividing the vertical heating flues, and each such riser duct and its elevated ports serve two adjacent flues. The ports in alternate partition walls are served by one regenerator of a pair operable for air on inflow and the ports in the intermediate partition walls communicate with the other regenerator of a pair operable for inflow of lean gas or air selectively. The number of riser ducts for the ports for delivery of regeneratively preheated lean gas and air is thus cut in half, and as these elevated ports and their regenerator riser ducts are located in the spacer bricks of the partitions between the vertical fines, the full area of the flues is made available for location of the normal rich fuel gas and regenerator ports for fuel gas and air at the base of the vertical fiues.

This arrangement for regenerator air and lean gas ports at the sides of the partition walls between each two adjacent vertical lines in a heating wall makes it possible now to provide for regulating the flow of air and/ or lean gas through ports at both elevations by changeable throttling means of varying sizes to control the size of the openings in the ports. The design can be used with combination ovens for operating either on rich gas or lean gas. When operating on lean gas, the flow of both air and lean gas through all the ports regardless of elevation is controllable by the use of the changeable throttling devices.

The regulation may be readily made by locating changeable throttling devices at the elevated ports for relatively easy replacement and adjustment on ledges of the partitions. The ledges on which the throttles rest insure satisfactory seating of the throttles. The throttles are made 7 of convenional ceramic refractory material, usually silica,

and are changed by shifting their position relative to the ports, or by interchanging them for others of dififerent calibrated sizes by manipulation of means accessible and operable from above on the oven roof, such as rods insorted through the flue inspection holes in the top of the battery in the conventional manner.

The invention, while especially applicable to the highchambered ovens of the conventional crossover flue ovens of the Koppers-Becker type, is not limited in all its aspects to use in ovens of this type but can be used with other conventional oven heating systems embodying vertical heating flues.

The details of the invention will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which.

FIGURE 1 is a view in longitudinal vertical cross-section of a portion of a coking retort oven battery taken successively on the lines B-B, CC and DD of F1"- URE 2;

FIGURE 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the invention, taken on the line A-A of FIGURE 1, to show one half of a heating wall along the pusher-side of the battery with the elevated air and lean gas ports at one level above the air and lean gas ports at the base of the fines;

FIGURE 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line EE of FIGURES 1 and 2;

FIGURE 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the invention taken on the line AA of FIGURE 1, to show a part of the half of the heating wall along the pusher side of the battery with the elevated air and lean gas ports at a plurality of levels above the air and lean gas ports at the base of the dues;

FIGURE 5 is an enlarged transverse vertical sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of FIGURE 6, crosswise'of the battery, through a part of the transverse partition walls that separate adjacent heating flues in the heating walls and showing one form of interchangeable calibrated throttle for the elevated ports FIGURE 6 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 6-6 of FIGURES 2 and FIGURE 7 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 7-7 of FIGURES 2 and 5;

FIGURE 8 is a vertical cross-section taken on the lines 88 of FIGURES 2 and 6;

FIGURE 9 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 99 of FIGURE 10, the view showing the location of the various ports and throttles relative to each other;

FIGURE is a vertical sectional view, similar to FIG- URE 5, showing a modified form embodying another type of interchangeable calibrated throttle for the elevated ports;

FIGURE 11 is a vertical sectional view, similar to FIGURE 10, showing another modified form but embodying another type of changeable throttle shiftable relative to the ports while seated in a relation to change the size of the orifice of the port to a differently calibrated size.

A coke oven in the form of a horizontal coking retort oven battery of the higher than conventional type constructed in accordance with the invention comprises an upper masonry mass 2 constituted of horizontal coking, chamber 3 and intermediate heating walls 4 arranged side-by-side in a row. The coking chambers and their heating walls may be of any desired number, only a few of which are shown by way of illustration. The battery is provided with a roof 5 having coal charging holes 6 above the coking chambers and access and fiue inspection passages 7 above the heating walls.

The roW of coking chambers and heating walls is mounted on a lower masonry mass comprising regenerator chambers 8 that contain a filler of checkerbrick 9 and sole fines 10. The regenerators as shown are of the through type which extend transversely continuously across the battery and are separated from each other by pillar walls 11 and 12 for respectively supporting the coal charged coking chambers 3 and the heating walls 4.

The heating walls are constituted of two oppositely disposed liner walls 13, which form longitudinal side faces of the adjacent coking chambers. The liner walls are connected by transverse tie Walls 14 composed of spacer bricks, which tie the liner walls together and also form transverse partition walls along the heating walls that subdivide the same into a series of twenty or more vertical combustion fines 15 side by side in a row crosswise of the battery.

The heating fiues extend from the base 16 of the coking chambers 3 up to a level close to, but just below, the top level 17 for finished coked charges which level 17 is below the lower level 18 of the leveler door (not shown) for levelled coal charges in the coking chambers 3. This latter level is at a level spaced below the bottom 19 of the portion of the oven roof that forms the top of the coking chambers 3, in order to leave an unobstructed path for flow of gas and smoke along the top level 18 for the levelled coal charges in the chambers to a gas oiftake 20 (FIGURE 2) in the oven roof.

Referring to FIGURE 1, each of the flame fiues is also provided with means for under-firing them with rich fuel gas, such as coke oven gas, that does not require preheating in the regenerators, when it is desired to underfire the heating walls with such rich gas in lieu of regeneratively preheated lean gas. For this, each flame flue 15 is provided at its base with a throttle in the form of a rich gas nozzle at the top of rich fuel feed duct 31. The rich gas ducts 31 in each heating wall are connected to a rich :gas distribution channel 32 extending crosswise of the battery in the brickwork at the tops of the pillar walls. These channels are fed with rich gas at the pusher side 33 of the battery and at the opposite coke side of the battery, not shown.

.erator riser ducts 23 in the lower halves of the tie or transverse partition walls :14. These riser ducts extend from the bases 16 of the heating walls and coking chambers up to an intermediate level below the middle of the height of the partition Walls, where the riser ducts terminate in forked elevated regenerator ports 24, 25 for the respective fines on both sides of the partition walls.

In the first embodiment of the invention as shown in FIGURES 1 to 3, the elevated ports 24 and 25 are all at one and the same level above the base of the fines. The lower combustion zones 21 of the flues communicate at the bottoms of the lines through two inclined low burner regenerator ducts 26 and 27 with each of two regenerator-s 8 that are beneath the respective heating walls and adjacent each other. The upper combustion zone 22 of each flame flue also communicates with the same pair of regenerators by high burner regenerator ducts 28 and 29 leading from the respective regenerators to the riser ducts 23. The regenerator ducts 28 lead to the riser ducts 23 in alternate partition walls between adjacent fiues in a heating Wall above a pair of regenerators, whereas the regenerator ducts 29 lead to the riser ducts 23 in the intermediate partition. As the elevated ports 24, 25 for each riser duct 23 discharge into two adjacent fiues, the regenerator air or air and fuel gas from each two adjacent partitions 23 both discharge into the upper combustion zones 22 of the fines between them.

In the second embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIGURE 4, the elevated ports 24 and 25, are located at a plurality of levels above the base of the fines along each heating wall. Preferably this is attained by having the air and lean gas ports at the plurality of levels above the base of the fiues, staggered along each heating wall. To this end the air ports 24, 25 from the riser ducts 23 in the intermediate partitions that are fed by air regenerator ducts 29, are located at a higher level than the level of the gas ports 24, 25 from the riser ducts 23 in the alternate partitions that are fed by lean gas regenerator ducts 28.

Thus, in each wall, the fines are each fed with only part of the total regenerator air and lean gas at the base of the fiues. The remaining part of the regenerator fuel gas is fed into each fine at a higher level and the remaining part of the regenerator air is fed into each flue at a still higher level above the level at which the remaining regenerator fuel gas is admitted. This provides for more uniform distribution of the total heat of combustion for the fines since part of the total air and fuel gas is ignited at a plurality of zones at different elevations above the base of the fines, as well as the latter zone.

The regenerator connections just described operate in one cycle to supply the upper 22 and lower 21 combustion zones of the vertical flame flues simultaneously with regeneratively heated combustion air and lean fuel gas, such as blast furnace gas or producer gas, and these regenerator connections operate in the next cycle for conveying products of combustion off from the heating lines to the regenerators, depending on the direction of flow of gases through the system in accordance with the Well known regenerative reversal cycle.

For regulation and control of the flow through the high burner ports 24, 25, the latter are located on the partition walls 14 within ledges 35, which extend slightly into the heating flues 15, so that the burning gases in the flues 15 may readily flow around and past the upwardly open ports 24, 25 in the fines 15 without undue restrictions, and so that access may be readily had to them and to the burner nozzles at the base of the fines,

for regulation by throttle adjusting means inserted through the access passages 7 in the battery roof.

As will be seen from FIGURES l to 8, the elevated ports 24, 25 communicate laterally with the riser ducts 23 and project upwardly through ledges 35. The ports are thus located inwardly toward the fines slightly beyond the side faces of the upper portion of the partition walls 14, and they all open upwardly into the flues to deliver their gases upwardly substantially parallel to the flow of gases from lower down in the fines 15, to avoid and minimize any substantial turbulence in the heating flues.

Changeable type throttles 36 that are readily adjustable from the top of the battery by throttle adjusting means inserted through the access passages 7 in the oven roof are mounted on the ledges 35 for eflecting the regulation of the ports 24, 25 in calibrated amounts. These throttles or flow controlling elements may comprise shiftable plugs or interchangeable diflerently calibrated elements such as plugs, or cylindrical nozzles, that are replaceable through the access passages 7 for changing the volume of flow through the ports 24, 25.

The flame flues 15 are operatively disposed in two sets for upflow combustion in one set and downflow of combustion products in the other set in alternation from each to other, in accordance with conventional regenerative reversal cycles of operation. In the preferred form of this invention this is attained, as shown on the drawing, by connecting each set of flame fines 315 at its top with the tops of other flues 15 for gas flow in alternation. Accordingly, each flue discharges at its top into horizontal flow duct means 39. The horizontal flow duct means 39 is divided by partitions 40 into a series of ducts, each serving a group of fines along the heating walls. The horizontal flues 39 of adjacent heating walls are connected in pairs by means of crossover flues 41.

Each flue 15 communicates with minimum pressure drop with its horizontal flow duct to provide a low pressure diiterental between the heating flue system and the adjacent coking chambers. The principal pressure drop is confined t the base of each heating flue 15 by removable rich gas nozzles 30 and removable calibrated plug 42 in the low burner regenerator ducts 26 and 27, as well as at the tops of the riser ducts 23 by the throttles 36 for the high burner regenerator ports 24, 25.

The regenerators are operatively disposed in groups of three with the middle regenerator G operable during inflow for feed of lean gas and the two outer regenerators A operable for inflow of air simultaneously with the inflow of lean gas. On reversal of the regenerators all three regenerators operate for concurrent outflow of waste gas. The middle regenerator G communicates with the lines of two heating walls and the outer regenerators A each communicates with the same flues of one of the two heating walls that the regenerator G communicates with.

In the preferred form of the invention, as will be seen in FIGURES 2 to 11, the lower portion of the brickwork of each partition wall 14, within which is located the riser ducts 23 alongside the low burner combustion zone of the ilues 15, is offset inwardly toward the flues 15, from the side faces of the upper portion of the walls 14. This offset portion extends up to the region of the elevated high burner ports 24, 25, to compensate for the space taken up by the riser ducts 23. At their tops the olfset portions contain the ports 24, 25, and have ledges 35 to contain the throttles 36, and ports 24, 25 inwardly of the flues 15 beyond the side faces of the upper portion of the partition walls 14 between the flues 15.

The vertical sides of the offset portions are spaced from the adjacent part of the liner portions of the flues to leave those parts exposed to the hot gases flowing through the flues, and thus ensure adequate heating of the coal in the portions of the coking chambers next to those parts of the liner walls alongside the offset portions of the partitions 14.

For supporting the changeable throttles 36 in position in relation to the elevated ports 24, 25, recessed seats 37 are provided in the ledges 35, so that the throttles 36 may be securely supported in operative relation to the ports, and at the same time be readily changed, by shifting the throttles or by interchanging them for others of different calibrated sizes. This is done by manipulation of means accessible and operable from above the oven roof, such as by rods inserted into the flues 15 through their access passages 7 in the oven roof. The throttles 36 have an opening 33 for the insertion of a hook for grasping and shifting them in, or lifting them into and out of, their seats by means of said rods When inserted and manipulated through the access passages 7 at the top of the battery in the conventional manner.

This novel construction permits the use of many readily available and easily manipulable forms of throttles for this purpose, of which only three embodiments are shown for purposes of illustration.

Referring to FIGURES 5 to 8, there is shown one throttle embodiment, wherein the elevated ports 24, 25 comprise a rectangular passage 43 in a surrounding wall 4 twith a lateral branch 45 to the riser ducts 2.3. A portion 36 of the wall is made separable from the rest of the wah t4, and in the form of a removable plug with shoulders for seating on the recessed seats 37. This plug is vertically removable through the access passages 7 in the oven roof, and replaceable with another plug of a different thickness calibrated to alter the flow capacity of the orifice 43 a predetermined amount.

Referring to FIGURES 9 and 10, there is shown the second throttle embodiment, wherein the ports 24, 25, comprise a cylindrical passage 46 with a downwardly inclined lateral branch 47 within a surrounding wall 48. Calibrated cylindrical nozzles 49 are interchangeably mounted by insertion in recessed seats 37. These nozzles form elongations of the port in a vertical direction for nonturbulent flow parallel with the flow of gases from below these ports. By using different size nozzles 49 with difierently calibrated free cross-sections, the flow is regulated through the orifices 24, 25. These nozzles 4.9 are replaceable by others through the access passages 7 in the oven roof, to alter the flow from the orifices a predetermined amount.

Referring to FIGURE 11, there is shown the third throttle embodiment, wherein the ports 24, 25, comprise a vertical passage 5t} with a downwardly inclined lateral branch 51 within a surrounding wall 52. A portion 53 of the wall is made separable from the rest of the Wall 52 to constitute the throttle element 36, and is slidable on shoulders for seating on the recessed seats 54. This throttle element 36, 53, is not interchangeable through the access passages 7, but is permanently located in the flue, and is horizontally shiftable to increase or decrease the efiective cross sectional area of the flue ports 24, 25, to regulate their flow. This shifting is done by manipulation of the throttle 53 by means of rods inserted through the access passages 7. The lower end of the upper portion 22 of the partitions 14 are recessed in the region of the flue ports 24, 25 to bring the side faces 55 back further from the center of the flue 15, to ensure nonturbulent flow up through the flues.

In the first and third throttle embodiments the flue parts and their ledges are located midway between the two opposite liner wall portions of the flues, whereas the second throttle embodiment, as seen in FIGURE 10, these parts are located, one between the midpoint between the liner portions and one liner wall, and the other is located between said midpoint and the other liner wall connected by the transverse partitions. This arrangement afi'ords still greater access for regulation while still allowing full sizes of the various parts and unrestricted nonturbulent flow of gas upwardly and downwardly in all parts of the vertical flues.

In operation of the battery, for example when lean gas 7. such as blast furnace or producer gas is employed as a fuel, part of the total gas and air are supplied through adjacent regenerators 8 to one heating wall of each pair that are connected by crossover fiues 41 in the manner previously described. For example, it may be assumed that lean gas is supplied through an inclined duct 26 from a G regenerator and that air is supplied through adjacent inclined ducts 27 of two A regenerators, to the lower combustion zone 21 of each of the flame flues of half of the heating walls of the battery.

Combustion occurs upon the entrance of the gases to the flame flues and the gases of combustion pass upwardly through the lower zone 21. The balance of the total gas and air are also supplied in a similar manner through the riser ducts 23 from the same regenerators to the upper combustion zones of the flame flues.

Gas and air issue from the elevated ports 24, 25 on lines of flow generally parallel to the flow of gases of combustion from lower down in the lower combustion Zone of the heating flues. Combustion begins in the elevated zones at once as the gases issue into these zones from the elevated ports and continues throughout the upper zone 22.

The combustion that begins in the upper combustion Zones 22 is diluted by the gases of combustion from the combustion zone lower down in each flue and occurs throughout substantially the entire length of the upper Zone 22. The combined waste gases pass through the horizontal flues 39 into the crossover flues 41, which transmit the waste gases to the horizontal flues 39 in the adjacent heating Wall connected by the crossover flue. The Waste gases are then distributed by the horizontal flues 39 in the connected wall to pass downwardly through the various flame flues therein in directions reverse to those described in connection with the heating wall in which combustion at a plurality of levels occurs.

The waste gases finally pass downwardly through the several regenerators connected to the off heating walls in which downward flow occurs and they are conveyed by sole flues and stack flues to the usual stack where they escape to the atmosphere. The regenerators and the heating walls are connected in such manner that on inflow, air and lean gas pass upwardly through one half of the regenerators (AGA) while waste hot gases of combustion from the ofi heating flues pass downwardly through all of the other half of the regenerators (WWW). The regenerators are connected in such manner that after each reversal of flow in the battery, regenerators for conveying air are always interposed between regenerators which convey lean gas and those which convey waste gases of cornbustion.

In case rich gas, such as coke-oven gas, is employed as a fuel, all of the rich gas is conveyed through the several horizontal gas gun channels 32 and their riser ducts 31 and nozzles 30 to the base of the several flame flues 15. The regenerators and ducts which conveyed lean gas in the arrangement previously described are now employed instead to convey air in addition to those previously carrying air.

However, the quantity of rich gas which is fed into the flues is such that the air entering the lower end of section 21 is insuflicient to burn all of the rich gas during its passage through the lower combustion zone 21. Additional air is added from the regenerators through the regenerator riser ducts 23 and the remaining rich gas, diluted by the products of combustion in the lower combustion zone, is ignited and burned during its passage through the upper combustion zone 22 by the air from the elevated ports as in the case of lean gas as above described. When rich gas is employed, the same regenerator riser ducts and regenerators convey Waste gases to the sole flues, stack flue and the usual stack, as previously described in connection with lean fuel gas such as blast furnace or producer gas. The combustion occurs without turbulence so that all of the heating surfaces of the liner walls are at a substantially uniform temperature throughout the height of the vertical flues and the coal in contact therewith in the coking chambers accordingly is coked in a uniform manner.

By means of the heating flue system described above, ail of the ports in the flues are readily and adequately regulable at the different levels in the flues by conventional throttling means. Material economies are secured in the operation of high-chambered ovens because the flues can be regulated by manipulation of the rods inserted through the access passages in the battery roof from the top or" the battery, rather than by valve means in a basement space under the battery which requires underjet conduits through the regenerator pillar walls.

The arran 'ernent whereby the elevated ports are at intermediate levels wholly inside the flame flues, rather than in the partition walls ensures against turbulene of the burning gases which might cause damage to the walls of the flues, and under or overheating of coal charges of different bulk density in the coking chambers.

(Bur improved construction is also advantageous in that its novel features require substantially no unusual flow constructions. The flame fines are continuous and all of the liner wall surfaces of the heating walls uniformly heated to the maximum extent as is required for good coking practice.

The foregoing and other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains. Our invention is not to be limited except as expressed in the claims.

We claim:

1. In a high chambered horizontal coking retort oven, a heating wall having vertcal combustion flues arranged side by side in a row along the wall, each of the flues being constituted of oppositely disposed liner wall portions for coking chambers on opposite sides of the heating wall, with transverse tie walls interconnecting the liner wali portions and forming flue partitions separating the adjacent flues from each other along the heating walls; regenerators beneath said heating wall; separate low burner regenerator ducts and ports communicably connecting a pair or" said regenerators with the lower portion of each of said flues for combustion in a lower combustion zone in said flues; separate high burner regenerator ducts with riser ducts and elevated outlet ports communicably connecting each of the regenerators of said pair with a higher portion of each of said flues for combustion in an upper combustion zone at higher levels in the flues; said low burner regenerator ducts for both regenerators of the pair extending from the regenerators through the base portions of the heating flues and terminating in low burner outlet ports in the base of the lower portions of the flues; said high burner regenerator ducts for one regenerator of the pair extending therefrom beneath the alternate flue partition walls to the bottom thereof and having their riser ducts extending upwardly in the center of the lower portions of the alternate flue partitions from the regenerator ducts to said higher portion of the flues and terminating in separate high burner elevated outlet ports opening into the two adjacent flues; said high burner regenerator ducts for the other regenerator of the pair extending therefrom beneath the intermediate flue partition walls to the bottoms thereof and having their riser ducts likewise extending upwardly in the center of the lower portions of the intermediate partitions from the regenerator ducts to said higher portions of the flues and terminating in separate high burner elevated outlet ports opening into the two adjacent flues; and changeable flow controlling throttle elements inside said flues for regulating the volume of flow from the high burner elevated ports and low burner ports in said flues; said elevated outlet ports being located in ledges projecting from the partition walls slightly into the gas flow spaces of the flues, and opening upwardly in the flues inwardly from the side faces thereabove of the upper portions of the partition walls between the flues for vertical fiow generally parallel with the flow of gas from lower down in the fines; and said throttle elements being supported on said ledges in position about said ports to be accessible for change of the throttle elements by means insertable through the tops of the fiues for manipulation from above the top of the oven.

2. A heating wall as claimed in claim 1 and which includes means for supplying rich gas to the base of said lower portions of said fines for combustion with air trom both the high burner and low burner ports in said fines.

3. A heating wall as claimed in claim 1, and in which the transverse partitions have their lower portions, which contain the riser ducts, oifset toward the fiues from the upper portions of the partitions above the riser ducts with the vertical sides of the oitset portions spaced from the liner wall portions of the fines and in which the ledges project into the fiues from the top region of the offset portions of the partitions.

4. In a high chambered horizontal coking retort oven, a heating wall having vertical combustion fines arranged side by side in a row along the wall, each of the fines being constituted of oppositely disposed liner wall portions for coking chambers on opposite sides of the heating wall, with transverse tie walls interconnecting the liner wall portions and forming flue partitions separating the adjacent fines from each other along the heating wall; regenerators beneath said heating wall; separate low burner regenerator ducts and ports communicably connecting a pair of said regenerators with the lower portion of each of said fiues for combustion in a lower combustion zone in said fines; separate high burner regenerator duets with riser ducts and elevated outlet ports communicably connecting each of the regenerators of said pair with a higher portion of each of said fines for combustion in an upper combustion zone at higher levels in the fines; said low burner regenerator ducts for both regeuerators of the pair extending from the regenerators through the base portions of the heating fiues and terminating in low burner outlet ports in the base of the lower portions of the fines; said high burner regenerator ducts for one regenerator of the pair extending therefrom beneath the alternate fine partition walls to the bottom thereof and having their riser ducts extending upwardly in the center of the lower portions of the alternate fine partitions from the regenerator ducts to said higher portion of the fiues and terminating in separate high burner elevated outlet ports opening into the two adjacent fines; said high burner regenerator ducts for the other regenerator of the pair extending therefrom beneath the intermediate fine partition walls to the bottoms thereof and having their riser ducts likewise extending upwardly in the center of the lower portions of the intermediate parti tions from the regenerator ducts to said higher portions of the fines and terminating in separate high burner elevated outlet ports opening into the two adjacent fines; and changeable fiow controlling throttle elements inside said fines for regulating the volume of flow from the high burner elevated ports in said fines; said elevated outlet ports being located in ledges projecting from the partition walls slightly into the gas flow spaces of the fines, and opening upwardly in the fines inwardly from the side faces thereabove of the upper portions of the partition walls between the fines for vertical fiow generally parallel with the fiow of gas from lower down in the fines; and said controlling throttle elements being supported on said ledges in position about said ports to be accessible for change of the throttle elements by means insertable through the tops of the fiues for manipulation from above the top of the oven.

5. A coking retort oven as claimed in claim 4, and in which the elevated high burner outlet ports are located along the heating wall at a plurality of levels above the level of the low burner ports in the wall.

6. A coking retort oven as claimed in claim 4, and in which the elevated high burner outlet ports are located along the heating wall at a plurality of levels therein with the high burner ports for one regenerator of the pair all at one level along the heating wall and the high burner ports for the other regenerator of the pair all at a still higher level along the heating wall above the level of the low burner ports in the heating wall.

7. A heating flue system for high chambered horizontal coking retort ovens, comprising: a vertical combustion fine constituted of oppositely disposed liner Wall portions to form the sides of coking chambers alongside the heating fine and spaced tie wall portions interconnecting the liner wall portions and forming transverse partition walls between the internal fine space formed by said liner and tie wall portions and similar fine spaces on the opposite sides of the transverse partition walls; a base portion for supporting said heating fiue and the adjoining portions of the coking chambers; a pair of regenerators below said base portion; regenerator riser ducts centrally located within each of said transverse partition walls and each extending upwardly from the top of the base portion of the heating fiue to an intermediate level higher up in the line, with the riser duct in each partition wall terminating in two elevated outlet high burner branch ports, located respectively in the fine spaces along the opposite sides of the partition Walls; low burner regenerator ducts and ports located in the base portion of the heating flue and communicably connecting a pair of said regenerators directly with the bottom of the fine space within said heating flue for combustion in a lower combustion zone therein; a high burner regenerator duct located in the base portion for the heating fine along one side of the low burner regenerator ducts and communicably connecting one regenerator of said pair with the riser duct in one of said partition Walls at the top of the base portion of the heating fine; and a separate high burner regenerator duet located in the base portion for the heat ng fine along the opposite side of the low burner regenerator ducts from the side at which the high burner duct for said one regenerator is located, said separate high burner regenerator duct likewise communicably connecting the other regenerator of said pair with the riser duct in the other of said partition Walls at the top of the base portion of the heating flue, said elevated outlet ports being located in ledges projecting from the partition Walls slightly into the gas fiow spaces of the fines, and opening upwardly in the fines inwardly from the side faces thereabove of the upper portions of the partition walls between the fiues for vertical flow generally parallel with the flow of gas from lower down in the fines.

8. -A heating fine system as claimed in claim 7, and which includes a rich fuel gas channel extending horizontally along through said base portion of the heating fine with a branch duct and nozzle for supplying nonregeneratively preheated rich fuel gas to the fine space of said heating fine at the top of the base portion for the fine.

9. A high chambered horizontal coking retort oven battery comprising: a series of alternate horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side by side in a row, each of said heating walls comprising vertical combustion fines operatively disposed into two fiow groups for upfiow combustion and downfiow of combustion products to and from each other in alternation, each said heating wall being constituted of spaced liner wall portions and transverse tie wall portions form-, ing the fine partitions between each two adjacent vertical fines of the row -thereof in each heating wall; regenerators below the coking chambers and heating walls and separated by pillar walls that are parallel to the coking chambers and heating walls and provide at their tops a base for the coking chambers and heating Walls with the bottoms of the coking chambers at substantially the same level as the bottoms of the heating fines in the heating walls; regenerator riser ducts extending upwardly through the center of each of the aforesaid partition walls between each two adjacent flues of the row of vertical heating lines in each heating wall, said riser ducts extending from the level of the bottom of the coking chamber and heating Walls up to a higher level of the heating lines and coking chambers, and each riser duct in each partition wall terminating at said higher level in elevated outlet ports opening into the two adjacent flues separated by the partition walls; low burner regenerator ducts located in the base for the heating walls and coking chambers and directly communicably connecting the bottoms of each vertical flue with a pair of said rcgenerators; and separate regenerator ducts likewise located in the base of the heat ing walls and directly connecting one regenerator of a said pair also with the riser ducts of alternate partitions and the other regenerator of the same pair also with the riser ducts of the intermediate partitions between the vertical lines that are fed by the pair of regenerators through their aforesaid low burner regenerator ducts, said elevated outlet ports being located in ledges projecting from the partition walls slightly into the gas flow spaces of the flues, and opening upwardly in the fines inwardly from the side faces thereabove of the upper portions of the partition Walls between the fines for generally vertical flow parallel with the flow of gas from lower down in the fiues.

10. A coking retort oven as claimed in claim 9 and which includes rich gas feed channels located longitudinally along each heating wall, in the base of the heating wall and coking chambers, with branches to the vertical fines for feed of all of the non-regeneratively heated rich gas to the bottoms of the fiues for combustion in the lines.

11. A coking retort oven battery as claimed in claim 10, and in which the vertical fines of said heating walls are crossover flue-interconnected combustion flues.

12. A coking retort oven battery as claimed in claim 9, and in which the vertical lines of said heating walls are crossover flue-interconnected combustion lines.

13. A coking retort oven battery as claimed in claim 9, and which includes changeable flow controlling throttle elements inside said fines for regulating the volume of flow from the high burner elevated ports and low burner 12 ports in said fines, and said controlling throttle elements being supported on said ledges in position about said ports to be accessible for change of the throttle elements by means insertable through the tops of the flues for manipulation from above the top of the oven.

14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 13, and in which the transverse partitions have their lower portions, which contain the riser ducts, offset toward the flues from the upper portions of the partitions with the vertical sides of the offsets spaced from the liner walls, and in which the ledges project into the fines from the top region of the offset portions of the partitions.

15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, and in which the elevated ports comprise rectangular passages in a surrounding wall with a lateral branch to the riser ducts, and in which the controlling throttle elements for the ports comprise a separable part of the surrounding wall in the form of a vertically insertable plug in the surrounding wall.

16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, and in which the elevated ports comprise a cylindrical passage with a surrounding wall and the controlling throttle elements therefor comprise calibrated cylindrical nozzle interchangeable by insertion onto recesses within the surrounding wall.

17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, and in which the elevated ports comprise a vertical passage with a surrounding wall, and in which the controlling throttle elements therefor comprise a separable part of the surrounding Wall with shoulders shiftable on seats for the shoulders in the rest of the wall to alter the effective cross sectional area of the passages.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,772,429 Petsch Aug. 5, 1936 2,203,285 Petsch June 4, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS 339,609 Germany Aug. 21, 1926 

7. A HEATING FLUE SYSTEM FOR HIGH CHAMBERED HORIZONTAL COKING RETORT OVENS, COMPRISING: A VERTICAL COMBUSTION FLUE CONSTITUTED OF OPPOSITELY DISPOSED LINER WALL PORTIONS TO FORM THE SIDES OF COKING CHAMBERS ALONGSIDE THE HEATING FLUE AND SPACED TIE WALL PORTIONS INTERCONNECTING THE LINER WALL PORTIONS AND FORMING TRANSVERSE PARTITION WALLS BETWEEN THE INTERNAL FLUE SPACE FORMED BY SAID LINER AND TIE WALL PORTIONS AND SIMILAR FLUE SPACE ON THE OPPOSITES SIDES OF THE TRANSVERSE PARTITION WALLS; A BASE PORTION FOR SUPPORTING SAID HEATING FLUE AND THE ADJOINING PORTIONS OF THE COKING CHAMBERS; A PAIR OF REGENERATORS BELOW SAID BASE PORTION; REGENERATOR RISER DUCTS CENTRALLY LOCATED WITHIN EACH OF SAID TRANSVER PARTITION WALLS AND EACH EXTENDING UPWARDLY FROM THE TOP OF THE BASE PORTION OF THE HEATING FLUE TO AN INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HIGHER UP IN THE FLUE, WITH THE RISER DUCT IN EACH PARTITION WALL TERMINATING IN TWO ELEVATED OUTLET HIGH BURNER BRANCH PORTS, LOCATED RESPECTIVELY IN THE FLUE SPACES ALONG THE OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE PARTITION WALLS; LOW BURNER BRANCH ERATOR DUCTS AND PORTS LOCATED IN THE BASE PORTION OF THE HEATING FLUE AND COMMUNICABLY CONNECTING A PAIR OF SAID REGENERATORS DIRECTLY WITH THE BOTTOM OF THE FLUE SPACE WITHIN SAID HEATING FLUE FOR COMBUSTION IN A LOWER COMBUSTION ZONE THEREIN; A HIGH BURNER REGENERATOR DUCT LOCATED IN THE BASE PORTION FOR THE HEATING FLUE ALONG ONE SIDE OF THE LOW BURNER REGENERATOR DUCTS AND COMMUNICABLY CONNECTING ONE REGENERATOR OF SAID PAIR WITH THE RISER DUCT IN ONE OF SAID PARTITION WALLS AT THE TOP OF THE BASE PORTION OF THE HEATING FLUE; AND A SEPARATE HIGH BURNER REGENERATOR DUCT LOCATED IN THE BASE PORTION FOR THE HEATING FLUE ALONG THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE LOW BURNER REGENERATOR DUCTS FROM THE SIDE AT WHICH THE HIGH BURNER DUCT FOR SAID ONE REGENERATOR IS LOCATED, SAID SEPARATE HIGH BURNER REGENERATOR DUCT LIKEWISE COMMUNICABLY CONNECTING THE OTHER REGENERATOR OF SAID PAIR WITH THE RISER DUCT IN THE OTHER OF SAID PARTITION WALLS AT THE TOP OF THE BASE PORTION OF THE HEATING FLUE, SAID ELEVATED OUTLET PORTS BEING LOCATED IN LEDGES PROJECTING FROM THE PARTITION WALLS SLIGHTLY INTO THE GAS FLOW SPACES OF THE FLUES, AND OPENING UPWARDLY IN FLUES INWARDLY FROM THE SIDE FACES THEREABOUVE OF THE UPPER PORTIONS OF THE PARTITION WALLS BETWEEN THE FLUES FOR VERTICAL FLOW GENERALLY PARALLEL WITH THE FLOW OF GAS FROM LOWER DOWN IN THE FLUES. 